Medieval Conflict
Faith and Reason –
corrolates with chapters 5 and 6
476 AD. The
effect on how Knowledge is preserved and used in the years after
the fall of
the empire. A Roman lawyer Martianuis
Capela in the
will collect the seven main subjects of
Roman education into one volume. He
will call it The Seven Liberal Arts, The book will become all the
knowledge
there is for the next seven hundred
years.
The other man is a reformed night clubber and teacher named
Augustine. (pp.100 – 102)
He will put Christian thinking into a drop out mode by maintaining
that
worldly matters are of little worth and that the Hereafter is more
important.
Augustine said all this fancy architecture and high living, a load
of rubbish, perishable goods.
The dark ages ensue.
barbarian lifestyle. They were a dangerous bunch of barbarian
louts, especially if you got in their way.
Vandals, Anglo- Saxons, and Jutes were some of the tribes.
that
turned
High in the mountains well away from trouble, knowledge is kept
alive in the (pp.100)
monasteries.
The way they view the world is filtered through religion. They
look at nature for religious symbols. They lived self-contained
lives with a
detailed schedule for everything from electing an abbot to how
much wine
to drink at supper. They lived a mystic experience. Everything
they knew looked
back to an age that was gone forever. Everything they knew was
old. Books
consisted of compilations,
selections and bits that were copied over the centuries. They turned
learning into pictures with a cartoon view were no one moved and was
full of symbols
and double meanings.
In 768ad things take a turn for the better. Charlemagne a twenty - six year- old womanizing
whiz kid (pp.127-130)
will set up his kingdom in
Holy Roman Emperor on Christmas day in 800 c.e. He will collect
the great
scholars of the time, such as Alcuin of York to get a handle on
penmanship.
The revival of learning is called Carolingian Renaissance. They
will
standardize writing and spelling with the
invention of Carolingian
Minuscule. Carolingian comes from the Latin pronunciation of
Charlemagne; Carolus
Magnus.
Charlemagne will start free schools in
monasteries and churches.
They will use the seven liberal arts of Capela as the main
subjects. Will
divide the subjects into two categories.
The facts you need
to know How to use facts
Astronomy
Grammar
Arithmetic
logic
Geometry
rhetoric
Music theory
Charlemagne will die in 814 ad and the Viking invasions end the
brief
Renaissance. (p.132)
950 ad
the food supply increases, and police are formed to keep order. (Rise of Towns pp.151 )
Lives of Medieval
peasants pp.133)
1050 ad,
groups wish to run things. Lives were complex, but their law was
insufficient. That is until a monk named Ignarius finds the great collection
of Roman law complied under
Justinian. (p.106) Ignarius will explain codified
law
through the use of Glossing. Glossing is explanations in the
margins.
Europeans basic knowledge was zero until the Crusades (pp.136 -137)
The Crusades gave Europeans somewhere to plunder other than home.
Arab Spain is advanced beyond
had Paved streets, street lighting public baths, 100,000 thousand
houses and
a population of one million. In one
of their libraries there were' 440,000 books
more than in all of
had paper for over 200 years, while
Europeans scratched on animal skins.
From
irrigation and engineering, created water gardens, and introduced
these crops to
They gave civilization paper, rhyming poetry, rhythmic, music,
dressing for
seasons, different courses at meals,
dessert after dinner and table setting.
Arab books would transform the world. The translation of the Arab
books
would take 150 years. Toledo Jews were employed to help. In many
cases
terms were used that Christian scholars had never heard of.
Algebra, zenith, and zero were
new mathematical terms no one had heard
of. They brought back many subjects, such as botany, pharmacology,
medicine, zoology and architecture.
Aristotle (p.157)
explained how to use new Knowledge. He divided all knowledge
into categories: Practical, productive, and theoretical.
He invented logic. Logic consisted of the remarks a person can
make:
everything -positive or negative and something -positive or negative.
Syllogism was a three stage argument for thinking things through.
Two things
you know leads to a third thing you didn't know.
Late in the 12th century, translations arrive.
school, it will now become one of the world's most important
institutions.
The University. (p. 155 - 156) Students will lead organization of the university.
They will group themselves by
nationality, set up student councils that will hire and pay
teachers, set rates
for room and board and renting books. Divide the school year into
three
terms a year and three lectures per day. After six years you were
tested on a
set text and had a public ceremony for receiving your degree.
The University changed thinking. Men became more practical. People
Began to question and use reason. Some scholars openly challenged
the
church. Peter Albelard (p. 157) wrote a book of 168 quotes
from church leaders that
contradicted each other. He Said “If you don't understand it,
don't believe
It.”
William and Thierry took the bible apart saying
the earth couldn't have
been created in six days, because that
wasn't natural and that Eve wasn't made
from Adam's rib because that wasn't how people were made.
Church becomes concerned when people began to doubt the
transmutation
of the bread and wine into the body and blood of Christ. The
bishops were
told to crack down on anyone asking questions.
New cathedrals used new Arab building techniques. Such as the
pointed
arch. Introduces the flying buttress and vaulted ceilings. (p.165)There are 186
stained glass
windows at Chartes.
(pp.165) Over its west portal were
figures of the great scholars
and the seven liberal arts of Capela.
1200,
Pope bans the teaching of Aristotle. (p.157) Students will go on strike for six years.
Domeninican monks are in to restore order. Many students attend
bootleg Aristotle courses
taught by Cigar of Brabbard. The Church
comprises, and states that there will be two types of truth:
Everyday
truth that you get from learning and revealed truth that you get from faith and
the church.
Theodric of Frieburg
takes on the rainbows, producing a manuscript that explains reflection and
refraction in the producing of the colors.
The effect of the growth of knowledge is the world today. People will
become forward looking. Change will welcomed. Augustine said believe and you
will understand. Today it is give me the facts and I will think about it.